Archive for the ‘IIT-JEE’ Category
Government seeks common counselling during IIT & NIT admissions again
The government is reviving a plan, which has been thwarted before, to hold joint counselling sessions at the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the National Institutes of Technology (NITs) to avoid seats going vacant. The IITs have previously blocked such a proposal on the grounds that their admissions process ends a month or so before that of the NITs. Others say the resistance stems from the IITs considering themselves a cut above the NITs and not wanting to dilute this branding. But the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) has again asked that the 16 IITs and 30 NITs jointly guide students on course choice.
The current system allows candidates to get admission offers from both the IITs and NITs. With the IIT admission process starting earlier, candidates join courses even though they may not have got the specialisation that they want, they are loath to let go of a confirmed seat. But if they get the course they want at one of the NITs, they may give up the IIT seat. By this time, it’s too late to offer the IIT place to the next student on the list.
The ministry knows that the IITs are likely to resist the directive once again but ministry officials are of the view that this is killing the chances of students lower down the merit list. “Common counselling will reduce the vacancy of seats,” said Ashok Thakur, Higher Education Secretary, MHRD.
Last year, 600 places were unfilled, double what it was in 2012. “Often candidates pay the admission fee for their allotted seats in an IIT and in an NIT, and then decide where they want to join. Very often they don’t cancel their admission till the last minute, resulting in vacancies that become clear only after the session starts,” a ministry official said. “As a result, many candidates with lower JEE (Joint Entrance Exam) ranks do not get the opportunity for admission.”
Common counselling means a student will receive only one offer from the IITs and NITs. A second option will be given only if the candidate rejects the first offer. “A student will receive an offer from only one institute, either an IIT or an NIT, at a time,” Thakur said. The IITs said the admission for the two sets of schools being about a month apart makes it difficult to coordinate the process when the joint counselling system was suggested last year.
The IITs have opposed efforts to put in place common processes, be they related to entrance examinations or counselling. “There is a sense in the IITs that any such effort would dilute their brand and undermine their image as the country’s premier engineering institution,” said the administrator of an engineering college that’s not an IIT. The ministry is of the view the qualitative difference between the IITs and NITs is not that wide. “The difference between the IITs and NITs intake marks is a very few percentage points,” Thakur said.The ministry plans to be resolute this time around, despite the likelihood that the IITs will resist the plan.
Thakur said a joint counselling system was in keeping with the aim of a unified entrance examination for all engineering colleges. “At the last IIT Council meeting, it was agreed that there would a joint entrance examination for all centrally funded technical institutions from 2015-16,” he said. In 2012, the IIT Council decided to move forward with a single exam for admission to centrally-funded institutions.
The IITs opposed the common exam on the ground that it would adversely impact “quality”. They argued that the JEE and the admission process was integral to ensuring that the IITs continued to be the country’s top engineering colleges. Over the course of a few months and repeated discussions, it was decided that the IITs would select students on the basis of a second test, the JEE Advanced, while the NITs would use the JEE Main scores and the Class XII board exam results as well.
Source: The Economic Times, January 6, 2014
1/3rd IIT aspirants are kids of public sector, government staff
Most aspirants for the premier Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are either children of government employees or whose parents hold public sector jobs, while children of businessmen and farmers lag behind. But data on IIT aspirants and successful candidates reveals that doctors’ children performed better in the IIT entrance tests than those whose parents were engineers or government employees.
Aspirants whose parents were in the public sector or government service formed almost one third of the total candidates, around 506,000, who registered for the joint entrance exam. But their success rate was just 5.8%. On the contrary, out of the 7,067 doctors’ children, 9.92% made the grade, the highest among any other professions. Data from the IITs revealed an interesting trend among candidates who registered for the competitive exam last year and qualified to enter the most sought after institutes in the country.
While children of government staffers stand at third position, those whose parents are into teaching/research also did better with a success rate of 5.21%. Among girls too, the highest success rate of 5.74% was seen among doctors’ children. But most girls, or 54,576 of the 169,000 registering for the test, were children of government employees.
“People in government jobs seek a secure future for their children and they see IIT education as a means to achieve it,” said JEE (Advanced) – 2013, Chairman, H C Gupta. “More doctors send their children into engineering as a qualification in the medical field takes about nine years while one can become an engineer in just four years,” added Gupta.
Aakash Chaudhry, director of a coaching institute, said peer pressure among parents in government and public sector units was too high, and therefore they were major contributors to the aspirants’ pool. “Getting into an IIT is a matter of reputation for many families. It is more of a competition among parents than the children,” said Chaudhry.
Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) professor Bino Paul believe that about a couple of decades ago, before globalization, the trend was different. “IITs remained heavily elitist before and during globalization. However, in the globalised world, brand IIT is facing a challenge from institutes in the Ivy League. The highly networked group prefer to send their children abroad even for undergraduate studies. Students who are in international schools, with higher resources, now have global aspirations. IITs miss out on these chunks,” he said. Paul said the fact that most candidates were from CBSE schools, which are largely preferred by government servants, could be one of the contributing factors.
Source: The Times of India (Online Edition), July 14, 2013
Kapil Sibal trying to persuade deemed universities to adopt new common entrance exam
Protests by the IIT (Indian Institute of Technology) faculty and alumni notwithstanding, the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) is reaching out to states and deemed to be universities to consider adopting the new common entrance examination for engineering programmes. HRD minister Kapil Sibal is trying to persuade the 130 deemed universities to accept the “one nation, one examination” principle. The minister will be meeting representatives of the deemed universities on June 25 to discuss this possibility. Most of these universities have engineering colleges.
At present, many of the deemed universities conduct their own entrance examination, while some are part of the All India Engineering Entrance Examination (AIEEE), and some institutes may use scores from state examinations or IIT-JEE (Indian Institute of Technology-Joint Entrance Exam). Either way it means that aspirants to an engineering programme have to appear for multiple examinations.
“While some deemed to be universities admit students to engineering colleges on the basis of the AIEEE scores or state-level engineering exams, in other states, some deemed varsities get together to organise an entrance examination. There are some deemed varsities which also hold individual entrance exams or even admit students on the basis of their Class XII board results. The ministry will discuss with them the possibility of joining the common test,” a senior official said.
Sibal has consistently argued that a common entrance examination would reduce the stress of multiple tests. Given that the new system gives weightage to school board results, it would also restore the importance of school education. Getting the deemed universities to adopt the new common examination would be a big step in the effort to replace multiple tests for admissions to undergraduate engineering courses. “Convincing the deemed universities, especially the private ones to join is a big challenge,” a senior member of a centrally funded technical institution said.
While the IIT Kanpur Senate has rejected the new common test and IIT faculty and alumni continue to protest, several states have already indicated their willingness to adopt the common test for state run engineering institutions. States such as Gujarat, Maharashtra, Haryana, Uttarakhand have indicated that they will adopt the common test for admission in state engineering colleges. States like Bihar and West Bengal are willing to consider it. All states have been requested to inform the ministry by June 30 whether they plan to adopt the common test and if so from which academic session. The meeting will also urge deemed universities to adopt uniform accounting standards in 2013 to bring in transparency regarding accounting and investments.
Source: The Economic Times (Online Edition), June 14, 2012
IITs decide to ignore sub-quota
It’s a move that could jeopardise chances of 325 minority candidates shortlisted under the 4.5 per cent sub-quota to make it to the IITs (Indian Institutes of Technology). On Thursday, the IITs announced that they would “ignore” the 4.5 per cent sub-quota and implement the Andhra Pradesh High Court order that scrapped it earlier this week.
“In the absence of any further legal development/ information from the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) before 13th June 2012, the judgment of the Andhra Pradesh High Court will be implemented by ignoring the provision for reservation of 4.5 per cent seats and by converting seats meant for OBC (NCL)-Minority community to OBC (NCL) category. Therefore, all the shortlisted candidates are advised to note that availability of 4.5 per cent reservation for OBC (NCL)-Minority shall depend on the legal developments till 13th June and hence they may register the choice of courses accordingly,” the IIT advisory told all quota students.
The IITs had to make this move as they would on June 13 finally announce and allocate all their seats for JEE 2012. With no firm direction from the ministry on how to handle the 4.5 per cent minority sub-quota issue and little hope of a legal resolution within a fortnight, the IITs have decided to prepare for both possible situations — of the Supreme Court setting aside the HC judgment or of reinforcing it.
However, in an attempt to give a chance to minority students shortlisted in JEE 2012, the Joint Entrance Examination Organising chairman G B Reddy has advised that these students opt for as many course choices as they can during the ongoing counselling to secure a seat. A student can indicate a maximum of 215 choices from courses on offer across 15 IITs.
The IITs hint that in case the Andhra HC order is stayed or overturned, the minority sub-quota students will automatically be allocated seats as per the first choice of course indicated. However, in the event of an unfavourable verdict and the 4.5 per cent quota collapsing back into its parent 27 per cent OBC quota, the minority candidates may have a slim chance.
Source: The Indian Express, June 1, 2012
IITs pitch for subjective JEE to improve student quality
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are planning to switch to a subjective question-based test from the current multiple-choice-based joint entrance examination (JEE) after criticism over the deteriorating quality of students. The new test will seek to evaluate the knowledge and analytical ability of aspiring students. Critics of the current format, which comprises two multiple-choice papers, include Infosys Ltd Chairman Emeritus N.R. Narayana Murthy and other executives and alumni.
The move is also being seen by some academicians as a compromise between the government and the IITs over a common entrance exam for all engineering schools. The government wants to conduct a nationwide objective-type selection test for millions of students aspiring for such colleges, including the IITs. The IITs themselves now favour a two-tier selection process, where the top rank holders in the objective test will be eligible to appear for a final subjective question-based evaluation.
The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) has been informed about the proposal to change the selection process by the senates of at least the five older IITs. The senate is the highest decision-making body at an IIT and comprises senior professors, the director and some outside experts, including former students and executives. “Selecting students through an objective test is not the best way to get quality students for institutes like IITs,” said Sanjeev Sanghi, president of the IIT Delhi faculty forum. “We need to go back to the subjective format.”
Murthy said at an IIT alumni meet in New York in October last year that JEE coaching centres had led to the deteriorating quality of students entering the colleges. “But their performance in IITs, at jobs or when they come for higher education in institutes in the US is not as good as it used to be,” he said. “This has to be corrected. A new method of selection of students to IITs has to be arrived at.” While the top 20% of IITians can “stand among the best anywhere in the world”, the quality of the remaining 80% wasn’t as sound, Murthy had said.
Pramod Maheshwari, chief executive of Career Point, an education company that prepares students for the JEE examination, said it wasn’t fair to blame the coaching institutes. “They should ask why students go for coaching in the first place,” said Maheshwari, himself an IIT alumnus. “The quality of questions when we gave JEE (in 1989) was much tougher than what it is today.”
But Maheshwari said the suggested change would be a good move. “If you make the entrance subjective, it will help for sure,” he said. On the other hand, Maheshwari suggests that blaming the coaching centres is to ignore other ills in the system. “The standard of many IIT faculties is not very good and they need to do self-audit without blaming coaching centres, who have no say on the entrance,” he said.
The IITs insist though that changing the entrance format will have a significant impact on student quality. The decline in quality is linked to the switch in the format to objective-type questions in 2005-06, said a senior IIT Bombay professor who didn’t want to be named. Coaching centres’ methods are geared towards helping students spot the right answer out of multiple choices, allowing the undeserving to do better than more gifted aspirants with higher powers of understanding, he added. The IITs seem to regard the coaching centres with some amount of distrust, even going to the extent of scrapping the JEE centre at Kota, Rajasthan, although it isn’t clear why exactly this had been done. The town is reputed as a hub for coaching centres.
In the new format being proposed by the IITs, the top 50,000 performers will be culled from the applicants that sit in the initial multiple-choice test. Those selected will be subjected to an in-depth, three-paper evaluation, according to IIT professors who declined to be named. “Mathematics, chemistry and physics need to be tested in three different papers, maybe over two days. Papers will be checked manually by senior professors of the older IITs to create the rankings,” said an IIT Delhi professor. A senior IIT Kanpur professor confirmed this. Both declined to be named.
The JEE is currently the common admission test for the 15 IITs, the Indian School of Mines (ISM) at Dhanbad and the Institute of Technology at Banaras Hindu University, which jointly admit at least 9,600 students every year. This year, 480,000 appeared for the JEE.
An IIT-Bombay senate member expressed resistance to the MHRD’s proposal for a common entrance examination for all engineering schools starting next year. “We want a thorough trial in 2013 and then go for it in 2014. (But) the common entrance (exam) should not be the sole basis for the IIT selection process,” he said. Himangshu R. Vaish, a former president of the IIT Delhi Alumni Association and managing director of Instapower Ltd, told Mint last month that it would be preferable to have a subjective JEE exam. The ministry’s common entrance may affect the IIT brand, he said.
The IIT council and the ministry plan to hold a meeting on the issue on 28 May, said M. Anandakrishnan, Chairman of IIT Kanpur. “We will resolve all issues on that day,” he said.
Source: Mint, May 23, 2012
IITs to make JEE answer papers public
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) will display online the answer papers of all candidates who appear for the joint entrance examination (JEE) before the final ranking is prepared to make the process transparent, starting with the test that took place last month.
The answer sheets of all the 480,000 candidates who sat for the exam seeking a berth in the prestigious engineering and technology institutes will be uploaded on 5 May, G.B. Reddy, JEE Chairman, said on Wednesday. The results and ranks will be announced on 18 May.
“The move will be a key step in bringing transparency in high-stake entrance exams and improve the trust of students and parents in the IIT system,” Reddy said. The test answers will be uploaded by the IITs and JEE Thursday, while the optical response sheets (ORS), or answer papers, will be on display from 5 May by the IITs and JEE. Students can download their answer papers after registering on the respective websites.
“If any individual students has any complaints about his answer paper, then he/she can file a complaint online between May 5 and May 10,” IIT-Delhi Director R.K. Shevgaonkar said. IIT-Delhi is the organizing IIT for JEE this time. If a student complains of any discrepancy in the marks awarded, then the respective answer paper will be verified manually before 15 May. “After the rechecking is done, we will put out the final result/ranks on the pre-decided date,” the director said. “IIT-JEE is evolving and we would try to be as transparent as possible.”
Reddy said the decision was taken by the 13-member joint implementation committee of the IITs. In August 2011, the Supreme Court ruled that examination answer sheets must be made public under the Right to Information (RTI) Act. A bench comprising justices R.V. Raveendran and A.K. Patnaik dismissed petitions filed by various public examination agencies, while upholding a 2009 judgement of the Calcutta high court on this issue.
The ruling followed an appeal in the apex court by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), the West Bengal Board of Secondary Education, the West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education, the University of Calcutta, the West Bengal School Service Commission and the Assam Public Service Commission against the high court’s order, Mint reported on 9 August last year. The voluntary move by the IITs is the first by any leading institute, said S.M. Ishtiaque, Deputy Director (Administration), IIT-Delhi.
At last month’s entrance exam, students were allowed to take a “carbon copy of the answer sheet after they gave the entrance exam and now we are giving them the evaluated answer papers containing all details about which question has secured how much marks”. Students welcomed the move and the prospect of seeing their mark sheets before the final ranking is announced. “Technically, by 3 May, we will know how we have done in the exam and by 5 May, the answer paper will be in our hand. This gives a lot of peace of mind,” said Rajiv Kumar, an IIT aspirant.
While the move towards transparency will be a model for all public exam conducting bodies, it gives the IITs a chance to defend JEE against any possible attempt by the government to dilute the test’s stature as it bids to establish a common entrance exam for all engineering colleges across India. “Going by the track record of the IITs, it’s better to keep the JEE to maintain quality. The opposition has been conveyed by respective IITs to the HRD (human resource development) ministry. The individual IIT senates are now debating the issue,” said a member of the IIT Delhi faculty who did not want to be named. Mint reported on the IIT-ministry tussle on 17 April.
Shevgaonkar said there was no disagreement with the central government but there are concerns over the new format proposed by the government that tentatively is to come into existence in 2013. He said this left little time for making such a change as the IITs generally give two years’ notice before altering the format. Also, it will be difficult for all school boards to publish their results before the IIT-JEE as a default by even a single board can affect the entrance exam, Shevgaonkar said. The school board result is important as the HRD ministry wants the IITs to give a 40% weight for the Class 12 marks while preparing their merit list.
“To bring a common entrance in 2013 looks difficult,” the director added. He said the IIT senates will put forth a fresh proposal to the ministry by 10 May. Both the faculty and IIT alumni associations are opposing the plan to do away with JEE and have a common entrance test.
Source: Mint, May 2, 2012
Centre postpones key meet amid JEE tussle
The central government has postponed a meeting of the nation’s highest education policy advisory body that was to decide on a combined entrance examination for all engineering colleges after the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) opposed a plan to scrap their 50-year-old joint entrance examination (JEE). The Central Advisory Board of Education’s (CABE’s) meeting was crucial to build consensus on a common entrance for all engineering colleges by merging IIT-JEE and All India Engineering Entrance Exam (AIEEE), and convince states on the need for a number of higher education reforms that are pending in Parliament before the second leg of the budget session begins on 24 April.
The IIT faculty and alumni associations have opposed the move in a meeting last week. According to a government circular, a copy of which has been reviewed by Mint, the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) has now postponed the meeting from 23 April to 6 June. “Looking at the JEE issue, it was felt that it is better to postpone the meeting to June,” said a ministry official, who declined to be named. “Unless you have something substantial on your plate, it won’t be fair to hold a high-level meet. The states are likely to question that since the central institutes such as IITs and NITs (National Institutes of Technology) are yet to come on board, there is no point getting state approval for a sensitive issue such as JEE,” the official said.
According to the circular, HRD minister Kapil Sibal also proposes to “hold education ministers’ conference to have wide ranging discussion on various issues concerning both sectors of education” on 5 June. Higher education reforms have made little progress in the past one year and at least a dozen draft Bills on education reforms are pending in Parliament. The ministry expected the CABE meeting, with representation from state education ministers, would help it garner crucial political support to push through the Bills.
The Educational Tribunal Bill, the unfair practices Bill, the National Commission for Higher Education and Research (NCHER) Bill, the Right to Education (RTE) Amendment Bill are some of the key Bills that are awaiting the assent of lawmakers. While the unfair practices Bill aims to bring transparency in the education sector by curbing payment of donations or capitation fees by students for admissions, the tribunal Bill has provisions for setting up a quasi-judicial body that can speed up dispute resolution related to the sector. The NCHER Bill proposes to bring all the arms of higher education regulations such as University Grants Commission, All India Council for Technical Education and National Council For Teacher Education under one overarching body.
Himangshu R. Vaish, President of the IIT-Delhi Alumni Association and Managing Director of Instapower Ltd, said the ministry’ proposal will affect the IIT brand. “IITs are global brands because of quality students and faculty, and there is no need to take popular measures by putting quality at risk,” Vaish said. “If you go by the proposal, it will mess up the selection process at undergraduate level in IITs; what about the brand. The alumni association, which met Sunday, also decided to oppose any such attempt.”
Sanjiv Sanghi, head of faculty forum at IIT-Delhi, said that the faculty associations and senates of IITs have told the IIT Council and the ministry that they are working on a mutually acceptable proposal. “We understand that no system is perfect, but we will submit our proposal within a reasonable time,” Sanghi said. Another faculty member of IIT-Delhi said: “The ministry wants to be politically popular at the cost of IIT-JEE. Unless we have a tried and tested alternative, you can not impose a new format.” The faculty member declined to be named.
The ministry’s “plan to give 40% weight to class XII marks is unfair as this may dilute the quality of intake” as the process of normalization of education board results across states proposed by the MHRD are yet to be tested on a large scale. “The normalization of state board exam results is a difficult thing, IIT senates are not convinced,” the second faculty member said.
Every IIT has a senate comprising senior professors, and some invited experts such as those from the alumni and industry. Sibal had told reporters on 22 February that they are merging JEE and AIEEE from the academic year 2013.
Source: Mint, April 18, 2012
IIT aspirants fume over errors in JEE
A week after the IIT-JEE (Indian Institutes of Technology-Joint Entrance Exam) was held across the country, students are now raising doubts over a question carrying three marks in the Physics section of paper-II. Although the question was correct, students allege that there was a printing error in the diagram on which it was based. While the question said there was a shaded region in the disc, several students claimed that none of the regions were shaded. But IITs wont give compensation marks as it wasnt a major issue.
Source: The Times of India, April 15, 2012
IITs lift curtain, reveal JEE cut-off marks
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) have finally emerged from their veil of secrecy, revealing the cut-off marks for gaining admission through the just-concluded Joint Entrance Examination (IIT-JEE). For the first time in IIT-JEE’s five-decade history, the chain of institutes has revealed the minimum qualifying marks in each subject, and in aggregate form for various categories of students.
While a general category student will have to get 10% in each subject, the minimum qualifying marks would be 9% for other backward class (OBC) students, and 5% for scheduled caste (SC), scheduled tribe (ST) as well as physically disabled (PD) students. In addition to this, the student would have to clear the aggregate cut to be eligible for being a part of the all-india ranking. While the aggregate cut-off for the general category is 35%, it is 31.5% for OBCS and 17.5% for SC, ST and PD.
This means that if a general category student scores 14 marks out of 136 in all the three subjects — physics, chemistry and mathematics — and has an overall aggregate cut-off of 143 out of 408 marks, he or she will be eligible for the rank. According to IIT professors, providing the qualifying marks will help students evaluate their performance as soon as they leave the IIT-JEE examination centre, and reduce stress on students. It will also help them prepare for the examination, they added.
Welcoming the move, a parent of an aspiring IIT student suggested that the institutes upload the answer keys of the question papers after the examination. “It will further help students evaluate their performance and reduce their dependence on coaching centres,” he said. The decision is an outcome of the Supreme Court’s observations in a case filed by IIT-Kharagpur professor Rajiv Kumar, who was hailed as an unsung hero for bringing transparency into the IIT-JEE examination system.
Source: Hindustan Times, April 11, 2012
IIT entrance exam sees ‘she change’ – 11% increase in female candidates
Woman power is evident in the Indian Institute of Technology’s Joint Entrance Examination (IIT-JEE), too. The IIT-JEE, to be held tomorrow, has seen an 11 per cent increase in the number of girls applying — the highest so far — whereas, boys have seen a mere three per cent rise. The number of students appearing for the exam has also seen a sharp increase. About 530,000 students will take probably the last IIT-JEE, compared to 480,000 students who took the exam last year.
The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) is planning to introduce a single entrance examination for admission to the IITs from 2013. In the admission process, the class 12 board exam score may also get weightage. This year, candidates will be competing for about 9,600 seats in 15 IITs across the country, the Institute of Technology at Benaras Hindu University and the Indian School of Mines at Dhanbad.
Pramod Maheshwari, founder and CEO, Career Point Info Systems, said in the last three years he had seen a shift in the subjects girl students had been choosing. “After internal research, we found that girl students are increasingly opting for mathematics. Earlier, biology was largely opted by girls. Our research and interaction with parents revealed that because the medical profession has a longer pay-back period than engineering, the number of girls applying to IITs over a period of time has been increasing. Besides, the outlook of parents has also changed towards engineering as a profession,” said Maheshwari.
“There has been a 15 per cent rise year-on-year in the number of girls taking the exam in Mumbai. We attribute it to the fact that other courses such as medical have a longer duration and involve higher expenses,” said Chandan Dikshit, marketing head at Rao IIT Academy. He added that since software was one of the favourite professions among girl students, they opted for engineering. “IT companies would want an engineer in their company, rather than a science graduate or a degree holder from other fields,” said Dikshit. About 11,000 plus students will be taking the exam from Rao IIT Academy this year.
Manoj Sharma, vice-president (operations and business development), Resonance, explained the opportunity to get into soft courses like mathematical computing, biomedical engineering and biotechnology at the IITs prompted more girl students to apply. “Waiving of the fee for online IIT-JEE applications for girl students and an offline fee of Rs. 200 for them compared to Rs. 1,800 for boys is also a major boost,” said Sharma.
IIT heads also feel the increase in the number of girl students is most likely because of the free registration. “I do hope this would motivate more girls to apply, which may in turn translate into more female students at the IITs,” said Gautam Barua, Director, IIT-Guwahati.
Officials of coaching institutes also said there was only a marginal increase (around three per cent) in the number of boys applying for the examination. “The number of girls who have applied went up from 22 per cent last year to 33 per cent this year,” according to Sharma of Resonance.
Source: Business Standard, April 8, 2012
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